STUDY GUIDE EXAM I

I.  Map

See list:  Map List

 

II. Listing Questions & Quotes

     See list:   Listing    & Quotes

   Questions marked with an asterisk  (*) may also be fill in the blank.

 

III.  MATCHING

 

A.
You should be able to match the following person with their work or notable accomplishment; or the piece with its significant idea.
 
William Shakespeare Desiderus Erasmus Sandro Boiticelli Martin Luther Geoffrey Chaucer
Donatello Titian Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Raphael
Dante Aligheri Francesco Petrarch Masaccio Giotto Niccolo Machiavelli
Benvenuto Cellini Boccaccio Baldasssare Castiglione Flippo Brunelleshi Thomas More
Hans Holbein the Younger Albrecht Durer Jan van Eyck Vasco da Gama Christopher Columbus
A. Palladio Amerigo Vespucci Ferdinand Magellan John Cabot Afonso de Albuquerque

B.   Matching -- images

Check Moodle for images to match to their creator.

 

III. True/False and Multiple Choice Questions will be drawn from the following topics:   

Historical & Medieval Background & Chapter 1

  1. Who is the father of history?
  2. Who were the Muses?
  3. Define anachronism.
  4. Name and describe three different methods for dating. (Give the calendar, the country/ culture & explain its origin.)
  5. Who invented BC & AD?  Who made it popular?
  6. What is required to achieve sainthood in the Catholic Church?
  7. What was the life expectancy in medieval Europe? How did vary in the 14th century (1300s)?  Why did these variations occur?
  8. How much of the population died before age 15?  were engaged in agriculture?*
  9. What were the key elements of life in the Middle ages?  Major problem?
  10. Give four important physical characteristics of Europe.
  11. How did the physical features affect the development of European society?
  12. Define Manorialism.   What was a serf?  What was the serf's relationship to the Lord?
  13. Define a command economy.  How is this different from capitalism?
  14. What are the levels of workmanship or membership in a guild?
  15. What was the Fief and Vassal system?   What was it based on?  Who did it involve?
  16. Define sub-infeudation.
  17. What did the Seamless Robe of Christ refer to?*
  18. What are the Seven Sacraments and the purpose of each? *
  19. Name and describe the Seven Deadly Sins.*
  20. Define and give the elements of the Great Chain of Being.*
  21. What were the major political developments of the Middle Ages?
  22. What were the major economic developments of the Middle Ages?
  23. Explain the principle laid out in the Unam Sanctum.
  24. What was the Great Schism in 1054?  In  the 1370s?
  25. What was the advantage of the 3 field system?
  26. How did the plague impact Europe?
  27. What does "Town Air Makes You Free" mean?*
  28. What was the Magna Carta and what did it influence?
  29. Name and explain seven ways in which the Church influenced medieval life.
  30. The Wars of the Roses were between whom?   In which country were they fought?
  31. How was the Holy Roman Emperor selected?
  32. Name the four elements of the universe.  Name the four corresponding humors & personality types.*
  33. Name the heavenly element.*

The Renaissance & Chapter 2-3

  1.  What does "Renaissance" mean?   Name two other ways to say this.
  2. List the predecessors for the Italian Renaissance. What were the characteristics of these?
  3. Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
  4. Which city was the leading city of Italy culturally?
  5. What were the characteristics of the Italian Renaissance?
  6. Define humanism.
  7. List the subjects of the Trivium & the Quadrivium. *
  8. What was the new motto of the Renaissance humanists?  What subjects were added to the curriculum in the Renaissance?
  9. List the various manifestations of the Renaissance spirit.  How did they differ from place to place?
  10. Is England known for its painters? Why or why not?
  11. What was Petrarch's most famous work?   What was his point?
  12. What was important about Vasari?  What was his great work?  What did it say?
  13. Who were the Medici?  What role did they play in Florentine politics?   What titles did they claim?  What was the significance of this?
  14. How did Cosimo di Medici affect the founding of the Renaissance?  How did the later Medici influence the Renaissance?
  15. What titled positions did the Medici occupy in Europe? Name at least 3.
  16. How did Constantinople influence the Renaissance?
  17. Name three innovations or changes in politics with the Renaissance.
  18. What did the painting The Journey of the Magi depict?
  19. List three political writers of the Renaissance.  What their works and their messages?
  20. What was the Renaissance elbow? What did it show?
  21. What qualities should a Prince have according to Machiavelli?
  22. Why was Machiavelli writing? (In  The Prince)  Who was he writing to?
  23. Who was the ideal prince for Machiavelli?  What two types of states were there?
  24. What is Sprezzatura?
  25. What is a capomaestro?
  26. Define condottiere. 
  27. Name the two families most closely associated with Milan. 
  28. Who were the Tuscan Triumvirate?
  29. What was chairoscuro?  Who experimented with it most famously?
  30. What new trends arose in the art  (painting and sculpture) of the Renaissance?
  31. Who was the "Prince of the Northern Humanists"?
  32. How were Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarati different?  Describe the works of each.
  33. What was Leonardo most famous for in his own day?
  34. Name 4 of Michelangelo's patrons. Who commissioned the Sistine Chapel Ceiling? Why?
  35. Give two examples of a "Renaissance man" and explain why each fits the definition.
  36. Why was The Last Judgment of Michelangelo considered controversial? Why was the Sistine Chapel ceiling controversial?
  37. What is Dante Aligheri's great work?  What is significant about it for the Renaissance?
  38. What paintings is Sandro Boiticelli famous for?   What themes did he use?
  39. What was the political purpose behind some of Shakespeare's writings?   For whom did he write?
  40. What similarities existed between Shakespeare's work & Michelangelo's?
  41. Give four examples of Shakespeare's themes/ contributions in his work and an exemplary work. 
  42. Name two other figures of the literary Renaissance in England besides Shakespeare.

 

The Reformation & Chapter 4-5

  1. Define the following terms:   Anathema;  Excommunication; Transubstantiation; Heresy; Consubstantiation; Interdict
  2. Who was John Wycliff?  What was his message?  What was his fate?
  3. Who was Savonarola? What was the Bonfire of the Vanities?
  4. Who were the Lollards?
  5. Who was John Hus?   What was his message?  How was his fate different from John Wyclif?
  6. What was the Council of Pisa about?   Council of Constance?
  7. What did Martin Luther have in common with these men?
  8. What faith issue did Martin Luther struggle with?
  9. Prior to 1516, who was responsible for the last translation of the Bible?   What problems were there with that translation?
  10. Who translated the Bible in 1516?  What major doctrine of Catholicism did he shake with his translation?
  11. What does Humpty Dumpty refer to?
  12. Who were the Renaissance Popes?  What problems did they have (spiritually speaking)?
  13.  Define Simony.   What sorts of problems did this create for the Catholic Church?
  14. What were indulgences?   Explain the scenario involving indulgences and simony that so angered Martin Luther.
  15. Who was Johann Tetzel?   Bishop Albrecht?
  16. What were the 95 Theses? Who answered?
  17. What was the Diet of Worms?   What happened to Luther?
  18.  Who was Frederick the Wise?
  19. Why was the Reformation of Martin Luther successful?   (Seven reasons -- be specific about each one) 
  20. Who was Johannes Guttenberg?   Why is he important?
  21. Why was the Reformation popular?
  22. Who was John Calvin? Where was he from?  What was his great work?
  23. What was the religious position of the Calvinists?  Include Predestination.
  24.  Who led the Reformation in Scotland?  What were his beliefs?
  25.  How was the Swiss Confederation organized?
  26. What countries outside of the Holy Roman Empire became Lutheran strongholds?  Why?
  27. Where did Ulrich Zwingli begin his work?   What reforms did he make?
  28. What effect on Swiss society did Zwingli's reforms have?
  29. Who were the Anabaptists?  What did they believe? 
  30. Who was Meno Simmons?   Who was Jan Matthys?  What were their beliefs?
  31. Who opposed the Anabaptists?  Why?  What happened to most of the  Anabaptists?
  32. What made Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church?   What reforms occurred in England?
  33. What was the King's Great Matter?    Who was involved?  How was it solved?  
  34. Who opposed Henry VIII's decision?
  35. What was the reaction of the Roman Church to the Protestant Reformation?
  36. Who was Ignatius Loyola?
  37. What was the role of the Index and the Inquisition?
  38. How did the Reformation change life in Europe?   What issues or events arose?
  39. Who fought in the Battle of Lepanto?  Who won & what was the significance of this?
  40. Who was the step-father of the Reformation?  Why?
  41. Who was Bloody Mary?  Is this an accurate nickname?
  42. Describe the Elizabethan Settlement.
  43. Why was the Spanish Armada sent?  When?  What were the results?
  44. Who were the Huguenots?  How were they treated initially?
  45. What was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
  46. Who were the contenders in the War of the 3 Henries?   How did it end?
  47. Describe the Provisions of the Edict of Nantes.
  48. Describe the provisions of the Peace of Augsburg.  What wars did it end?  What was the reaction to this treaty?
  49. How did Lutheranism spread to Scandinavia?
  50. How did Luther react to the Peasant Revolt?
  51. What was the Schmalkaldic League?

The Age of Discovery & Chapter 6

Be sure to review the term list for chapter 6, as well as chapters 1-5.

  1. What characteristics of European geography made for good sailors?
  2. Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?   What was his contribution to the Age of Discovery?
  3. What did the marriage of Ferdinand & Isabella accomplish for Spain?
  4. Name two types of naval technology that made the Age of Discovery possible.
  5. What commercial centers did the Portuguese establish?
  6. What were Columbus' three ships?  What was the result of each of his voyages?
  7. Describe Columbus' beliefs about the world's size & shape? What was significant about this?
  8. What was the Treaty of Tordesillas (Papal Line of Demarcation)?  What did it do?
  9. Name three Portuguese explorers and their contribution.
  10. Give four characteristics of the Aztec empire.
  11. Who were two of the major conquerors of Central & South America?  How did they accomplish the conquest of the native civilizations?
  12. Explain how the  Americas got their name.
  13. Which European country first dominated the spice trade? How did they accomplish this?  Who took it over?
  14. What areas were known for spices?
  15. Define capitalism. 
  16. Where did the Hanseatic League trade?
  17. Name two banking families in Europe.