II. Listing & Quotes

See List for Exam III

III. True False/ Multiple Choice

Enlightenment & Culture Chapter 12-13

1. Define Epistemology.

2. Who was Sir Francis Bacon? What book contained his ideas? How did Bacon die?

3. What is empiricism? What was Descartes' proof of God?

4. What is the difference between inductive and deductive logic?

5. What was John Locke's epistemology?

6. Name the primary characteristics of the Enlightenment.

7. Which class was most involved in the Enlightenment? How did the Enlightenment view democracy?

8. Who were the Philosophes?

9. Why was Madame Geoffrin an important figure of the Enlightenment?

10. What is the social contract theory of government?  What were the two main theories on this? (Locke vs. Hobbes)

11. Name two principles put forth by Baron de Montesquieu.

12. Who was the Prince of the Philosophes? What was one of his works? What was his attitude toward religion?

13. What was Denis Diderot's contribution to the Enlightenment?

14. What element of society did Caesare Beccaria attack? What was his major book?

15. What was Adam Smith's great work? Where was he from?    What was his major theory?

16. What was laissez-faire?   How did it apply to economics?

17. Who were the physiocrats?

18. What was the major role of women in the Enlightenment? What were some of the attitudes towards women?

19. What was Mary Wollstonecraft's contribution to the Enlightenment? What was her great work?

20. Who did Haydn compose for? How is this conspicuous consumption?

21. What two musical styles were part of the Enlightenment age? Which one was the most logical"?

22. Name a composition of Johann Sebastian Bach. What type of music is he best known for?

23. Name three other composers of the Enlightenment and at least one piece for each one.

24. What was Jean Jacques Rousseau's primary primary work?

25. What was the General Will? 

26. How did the Enlightenment affect attitudes toward slavery? What was asiento?

27. What were the three basic paths to reform in the 18th century and characteristics of each?

28.  Who was the most successful in creating reform?  Why?   Examples?

29. Which philosophers of the 18th century were successful in reform?

30. What was an enlightened despot?  Name three monarchs who considered themselves to be "enlightened" & their country.

31. How well did the enlightened reforms of these monarchs work? What was the major problem of enlightened despotism?

32. Who was Maria Theresa? What did she achieve? What wars were fought concerning her?

33. What were the six characteristics of 18th century politics?

34. Who was Britain's first Prime Minister?  What were the first political parties and why were they formed?

35. Who was William Wilberforce?  What was his great accomplishment?

36. Describe the Partition of Poland.

37. Define and describe the Second Hundred Years War.  Who was involved?  What conflicts/ wars did it include?

38. What was Russia's great foreign policy goal?

 Chpt. 14 The French Revolution

1. What is the difference between Revolution and Rebellion?
2. What alternative names could be used to describe the American Revolution?
3. Name two reasons for the rebellion of the American colonies against Great Britain?
4. What was the Articles of Confederation?  
5. How many branches of government were included in the second American Constitution?
6. What was the Revolution of 1800?
7. What was Edmund Burke's position on the American Revolution?   On the French Revolution?  Why?
8. Explain the different views of liberty for 19th century Conservatives and Liberals.
9. Name the major characteristics of a Revolution.  How does each apply to France?
10. What are the basic stages of a revolution?  What was the spark that set everything off in France?
11. Describe the characteristics of the King and Queen of France in 1789.
12. Name the first two estates.   Give four characteristics of each of these two.
13. Who was included in the Third Estate?   How was it divided up?
14. Who were the sans-culottes?  Give four characteristics.
15. Who were the bourgeoisie?  Give four characteristics.
16. What portion of the population was the largest?  Why?   What was their situation like?
17. Who owned most of the land in France?  What was the problem with this?
18. What difficulties were there in the French legal system by 1789?
19. What problems existed in the French tax system & economy?
20. What types of taxes did each group and estate pay?   What problems did this cause?
21. Who were the most volatile group in French society?
22. What was the Catholic Church's role in France's finances?
23. What crisis set off the French Revolution?
24. What was the Estates General?  Why was it called into session?
25. What did each estate want?  What were these demands called?
26. What was Abbe Sieyes' pamphlet What is the Third Estate? about?
27. What was the connection between the American and French Revolutions?
28.  What was different between the American Bill of Rights & the Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen?
29.  What was the Tennis Court Oath?
30. Name each of the legislative bodies of France.  Which phase of Revolution does each go with?  Which constitution?  How long did each government last?
31.  What were assignats?
32. How did the First Stage of Revolution attack authority?  (There should be four elements from lecture.)
33. Define the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.  What did it do?
34. What  mistakes did Louis XVI make?
35. What events led up to the Storming of the Bastille?  Who was involved in the attack?
36. Define the Great Fear.   What impact did it have?
37. What was the night of August the Fourth?
38. What was the role of the Paris mob in the Revolution?
39. Who was Charles Maurice de Talleyrand?  What was his role in French politics?
40. What were the provisions of the Constitution of 1791?
41. What were the problems with the Constitutional Monarchy?
42. What were the September Massacres?
43. Who were the emigres?
44.  How did other European countries react to the Revolution in France?  How did it change?
45. What was the Declaration of Pilintz?
46. What steps were taken to "save the Revolution"?
47. What was the Republic of Virtue?
48. Who were the Jacobins?  Name their three primary leaders.
49. What were three governing bodies of the Republic of Virtue?
50. What began the Reign of Terror?
51. What were the three Tools of (or legislation that allowed) the Reign of Terror?  What did each do?
52. Name the six reforms of the First French Republic. What two reforms were not well-received?
53. How did the Reign of Terror end?  What government followed it?
54. What were the problems of the Directory?

Chpt. 15-16: The Rise of Napoleon & Congress of Vienna

1. Where was Napoleon from?  Give three characteristics of Napoleon.
2. What does the "whiff of grapeshot" refer to?
3. What was Edmund Burke's prediction for the end of the French Revolution?
4. Name two major battles that Napoleon won.
5. Who was Napoleon's great adversary on the sea?
6. What is the Rosetta Stone & why is it in the British Museum? (Hint Battle of the Nile)
7. What was the Coup of Brumaire?
8. What were the steps to Napoleon becoming emperor?
9.  What did the Concordat of 1801 do?
10.  What were Napoleon's achievements in terms of French Society?
11.  What was the purpose of the Grand Empire?
12. What was the Peace of Amiens?
13. What was Napoleon's great Mistake?  Who was his great foe?  What battle was involved?
14. Why did the Continental System fail?
15. What mistake did Napoleon make in 1812?  Why was it such a disaster?
16. Who was Arthur Wellesley?  What was his other name?  What type of military leader was he?
17. Who was the Prussian General who fought Napoleon?
18. Who was the ultimate political survivor in France?  Why?
19. What were the Hundred Days?
20. What happened at Waterloo?    What were the results?  Who were the generals involved?
21.  Where was Napoleon exiled to first?            Finally?
22. What caused the War of 1812 between the U.S. & Great Britain?  What was the British perspective on the war?
23. Name the powers at the Congress of Vienna.  
24. Who represented France at the Congress of Vienna?
25. What principles were part of the Congress of Vienna?
26. Name the powers of the Quadruple Alliance.
27. Name the powers of the Holy Alliance.
28. What was the Congress System?
29.  What were the results of the Congress of Vienna?
30. What was the Concert of Europe?  how effective was it?
31. What situation created the Monroe Doctrine?  Which two countries helped create it?