I. See Map Page for Map identification -- General List + List for the Final 

II.  There will be a matching section of authors, composers, painters, & inventors and their works.  The following list are possible choices.    Make sure to look at the image file on Moodle.

III. Listing & Quotes

Quotes guide --  All previous lists + Final

Listing handout -- All Previous  + Final

IV. Use these Questions to help study for the exam.
Multiple Choice & True/False  will be drawn from the following questions.
 

Chpt. 17: Romanticism

1.  Make sure to look at the image file on Moodle
2. Name three composers of the Romantic era. 
3. Which poet died in the Greek Revolution? 
4. What themes were expressed in Romantic poetry?
5. Define Romanticism
6. Name three Romantic poets and their work.
7. What was the greatest Romantic novel? Why?
8. Name two great “Romantic” composers of the 19^th century.
9. What two main ideas/ events were the Romantics rebelling against?
10. Describe the difference between Enlightenment painting & romantic painting.
11. Describe the difference between Enlightenment & Romantic music.
12. Describe four differences in the Enlightenment & Romantic view of man & nature.

Chpt.  20 The Industrial Revolution

1. What was the enclosure movement?  What were the results of it?
2. Why did the industrial revolution begin in Great Britain?
3. What were the Social Causes of the Industrial Revolution?
4. Who was Josiah Wedgewood?
5. What natural resources did Britain have?
6. What is meant by "absolute private property"?
7. What was the Crystal Palace? What was the Great Exhibition of 1851?
8. What class became dominant because of the Industrial Revolution?
9. What were the values of the Victorian middle class?
10. Name seven inventors and their inventions in order from the Industrial Revolution.
11. What was the "Rocket"?  Who was George Stephenson?  Who was William Huskinson?
12. What effect did the Industrial Revolution have on People's mind-set?
13. What was the basis of the 2nd Industrial Revolution?
14. What problems did the working class face?  What effect did this have?
15. What were the greatest sins according to the 19th Century Middle Class?
16. What were the two major divisions of the Industrial Revolution?  What were the main driving forces of each stage?

Chapters 19, 21-22

1. Who was the Father of Conservatism?
2. What three types of conservatives were there in the 19th century?   What two things were most important for conservatives?
3. Who was the primary spokesman for the Conservatives in the 19th century? (Austrian)
4. Describe the ideology of the Liberalism.
5. Describe the ideas of Anarchism.  How many world leaders were assassinated?
6. Who was Karl Marx? What was his great work? Give the basics of Marx’s theory. What was the most important aspect of history for Marx?
7. What were the main tenets of Socialism?   How was it different from Communism?
8. What was the “most dangerous ism” of the 19^th century? Why?
9. What are the origins of nationalism?
10. What did Johann von Herder's argue about nationalism? Define volksgeist.
11. Why was nationalism particularly important for Germany & Italy?
12. What did the Brothers Grimm do? Examples of their work? How was this part of nationalism?
13. Who Giuseppi Mazzinni? What was Young Italy?
14. What was the Troppau Protocol? What did it do? Who was involved?
15. What prompted the Monroe Doctrine? What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine? Who enforced it (at first) & why?
16. What types of reforms were Conservatives associated with?
17. What did the Great Reform Bill of 1832 do? Where was it?
18. What did 19th century Liberals believe about government?
19. Where were the revolutions of 1830? What were the results?
20. Which revolutions of 1820-1830 were successful?
21. Which groups revolted in 1848? What were the goals of each? Where did these revolutions take place?
22. Why did the Revolutions of 1848 fail?
23. Describe the rulers of Europe's first responses to nationalism. What shift occurred in 1850s? Give three examples.

Chapter 23-27

1. Define Realpolitik.
2. What was risorgiomento?
3. What kingdom dominated the unification of Italy?
4. What three plans existed for the unification of Italy? (See on-line lecture)
5. Who opposed the unification of Italy?  What did this result in (state)?
6. Who was Camillo Cavour?
7. Name three wars that were part of Italian Unification.
8. What was Giuseppe Garibaldi's role in Italy's unification? (See on-line lecture)
9. Who was the architect of a unified Germany? What was his plan?
10. What did Bismark say was required to create a unified Germany?
11. Who were the Junkers?
12. Who fought in the Seven Weeks War? Who won? 
13. What was the purpose of the North German Confederation? When & how did it come about?
14. Explain the incident over the Ems Dispatch.  What did this lead to?
15. What happened as a result of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71? (Give at least 3 things.)
16. Which territory did Germany annex from France?
17. What was the Fabian Society and who were some of its members?
18. What reforms did the Liberal Party pass in Britain?
19. What was the Dreyfus Affair over?  Describe how it initially ended?  When was Dreyfus finally released?
20. What was the German legislature called?
21. What was Bismark's nickname?
22. Describe the results of Revolution of 1905 in Russia.
23. What was the primary idea of Auguste Comte?
24. Who were the proponents of Social Darwinism?  What were their works and ideas?
25. Who was Cecil Rhodes?  What did he discover in Africa?
26. What areas of Africa were left independent by 1914?
27. What was the general attitude toward war before 1914?

Chapter 28

1. What was Bismark’s Nightmare? Describe the steps he took to prevent it.
2. What were Bismark's three principles of foreign policy that he used to build the House of Cards?
3. What mistake did Wilhelm II make early on?   Which Hebrew monarch did this resemble?  Why?
4. How did Germany begin to knock down Bismark’s House of Cards?
5. Who was Alfred Thayer Mahan? What was his book and why was it important?
6. Give the alliances in Europe by 1907.
7.  Where was the "Powder Keg of Europe"? Why was it called this?
8. Who were the major players in Europe just prior to the war? What were their driving forces? Who were the leaders of each?
9. What were the major alliance systems prior to World War I? Which allies were unreliable?
10. What was the problem with Kaiser's diplomacy?
11. Who were the Black Hand?   Who was Gavrillo Princip?
12. What was significant about June 28, 1914? What city was involved?
13. What was the Blank Check?
14. Who was Sir Edward Grey? What was his famous comment on the war?
15. What event brought Britain into the war? Why?
16. Name the two sides in World War I -- and which countries were on each.

Chapter 29

1. List three ways the First World War is described or defined.
2. List the Dominos that led to World War I.
3. Describe the idea of war in 1914. Did people believe war was imminent in summer 1914?
4. What was the Schlieffen Plan? What went wrong with it?
5. Name five new weapons of the First World War.
6. What does total war mean?
7.  Describe trench warfare. How did this result in stalemate?
8. Describe the Battle of the Somme, 1916.
9. What was special about Christmas 1914?
10. Give four ways the Allied Powers attempted to break the stalemate of the Western Front.
11. How was air power used in the First World War?
12. Who was Ivan Bloch and what was his idea?
13. Whose idea was Gallipoli?
14. How did the Russians violate their traditional military plans in World War I?
15. What was the battle plan for the Russians in World War I? Who are the two greatest Russian generals?
16. What was the outcome of all of the naval build-up before the war?
17. What was Unrestricted Submarine Warfare? Why was it important?
18. What three elements brought the U.S. into the War?
19. What was the Zimmerman Note? How did it affect U.S. entry into the War?
20. Who was Blackjack Pershing? What was the nickname of American soldiers in World War I?
21. Describe the effects of the war on the mind-set of people after the war.
22. When did the powers sign an armistice? Who asked for it and why?
23. Name the Big Four and what each wanted at the Paris Peace Conference.
24. What was THE ONE basic problem of the peacemakers in Paris in 1919?
25. Explain the "Stabbed in the Back theory".
26. Define the Fourteen Points. List them.
27. Name the major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. Which ones really upset the Germans?
28. What were the major problems of the Treaty?
29. What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
30. How did the map of Europe change after the war?
31. Define "self-determination". Why is this concept problematic in Eastern & Central Europe?
32. Give the major effects of the Great War on European Society.

Chapter 30

1. What problems occurred on the Russian front?
2. Who was Gregor Rasputin?  How did he die?
3. Who was the last Tsar of Russia? What problems did his family have?
4. What was the result of the first part of the Russian revolution?
5. What happened to the Romanovs?
6. Why was the First World War the Tsar's undoing?
7. What is a soviet?
8. How did Lenin get back into Russia in 1917?
9. When was the first Communist State proclaimed? What were its problems?
10. Who was Lenin's successor?  Who was "supposed" to be Lenin's successor?
11. What were the Purges in the USSR? What were the Five Year Plans?

The Interwar Era: Chapters 31-33

1. Name two evidences of the growth of mass popular culture.
2. Who led the first Labour government in Britain?
3. What was the Great Depression called in Britain?
4. What was the Left Cartel in France?
5. What new trends developed in Interwar politics?
6. Define Fascism. What is the appeal of this system?  Name three fascist leaders in Europe.
7. What was the Great Slump? Where was the inflation the worst? Which country was least equipped to deal with the Crisis?
8. How did the countries of Europe and the United States deal with the Recession of the 1930s? (list each one)
9. Who was John Maynard Keynes?
10. What was the March on Rome? Who came to power through it?
11. How did Mussolini maintain power?
12. What problems were there in the Weimar Republic?
13. When and how did Hitler come to power in Germany? Name his book and the meaning of its title.
14. Name the four primary aspects of Hitler's Third Reich.
15. What was the myth of the Aryan Race?
16. What was the name used for Hitler? for Mussolini?
17. What is lebensraum?
18. What was the luftwaffe?
19. How did Hitler use Propaganda?
20. What was the Maginot Line? What was its purpose?
21. What divisions of military force existed in Nazi Germany?
22. What was the Night of the Long Knives? What was Kristalnacht?
23. Describe the Nuremberg Laws.
24. What were the provisions of the Enabling Act?

Chapter 34-35

1. Describe the creation of the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo-Axis.
2. Name each step Hitler took in violating the Treaty of Versailles.
3. What was the Anschluss?  When did it occur?
4. Where is the Sudetenland?   What issue surrounded it?
5. Who was Neville Chamberlain?
6. What was appeasement?
7. What were the results of the Munich Conference of 1938?
8. What was Winston Churchill's initial perspective on Hitler? How did others react to Churchill's ideas at first?
9. What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
10. Who was the Non-Aggression pact between? Why was it a surprise?
11. What happened on Sept. 1, 1939?
12. Describe Bliztkrieg. Was this a new idea?
13. What was the name of the French Government after its Surrender to Germany?
14. What were the major theaters of the war?
15. What allowed Britain to survive against Hitler?
16. Describe the Miracle at Dunkirk.
17. What was Winston Churchill's role in World War II?
18. Who was the Great Hero of the Free French Army?
19. How was the Battle of Britain different than other battles?
20. What advantages did Britain have in the Battle of Britain?
21. What was the Lend-Lease Act?
22. Who were the Axis Powers? The Allied Powers?
23. What was the Final Solution?
24. Who were the victims of the Holocaust?
25. Name three extermination camps of the Holocaust.
26. Who was Heinrich Himmler?  What was he responsible for?
27. Who were the SS?  What did they do?
28. What was Operation Sea Lion?  Was it successful?
29. What was Operation Barbarossa? Why did it fail?
30. Who was the primary German General in North Africa?
31. When did the Japanese begin expanding their empire?  Where did they attack first?
32. Who were the Big Three? Where was each from?
33. What brought the United States into the War?
34. What were two turning point battles in 1942? (Europe & Pacific)
35. What was the American strategy called in the Pacific?
36. What was the last major push of the Nazis in 1944?
37. What was Operation Overlord? Where did it land and when? Who was in charge?
38. What is controversial about the meeting at Yalta? What was its purpose?
39. How did the Potsdam conference differ from Yalta?
40. Where were the bombs dropped on Japan?
41. What was the Manhattan Project?
42. What changes occurred in domestic life because of World War II? In world politics?

Chapter 36-37

1. What was the Bretton Woods Conference about?
2. Define Zionism.
3. What the Treaty of Rome establish in 1957?
4. Who gave the defining term "Iron Curtain" to the Cold War? What does it mean?
5. What was the Berlin Airlift?
6. What is the longest standing military alliance?
7. When did the Soviet Union fall?
8. Name three conflicts of the Cold War.