Seminar in Doctrine: CALVINISM AND ARMINIANISM

BDOC 459

Harding University

Fall 2007

MW 3:00-4:15 MCIN 350

Instructor: Dr. K. Stanglin

Office phone: 279-4620

Email: kstanglin@harding.edu

Websites: www.harding.edu/kstanglin and www.facebook.com

Office hours: MCIN 209, 8:00-9:00, 11:00-12:00 (M-F)

I want you to do well in this course, so please let me know if you are having difficulty with the class material.

Office phone, hours, and email should suffice for class business. Please don’t call me at home unless there is an emergency.

Course Description:

This course is an examination of the roots and distinctive doctrines of classic Calvinism and the Arminian alternative. The historic debates and their modern expressions will be investigated. Topics for discussion will include the doctrine of God, divine omniscience, predestination, grace and human free will, and assurance. Sources will include biblical passages (e.g., Romans 9), Reformation theology (e.g., Calvin and Arminius), and modern expressions. Emphasis will also be given to the assessment of positions and their practical implications.

Core Values:

“Let the wise listen and add to their learning, and let the discerning get guidance.” Prov. 1:5

“Not merely the most important but also the most relevant and beautiful problems in dogmatics begin at the very point where the fable of ‘unprofitable scholasticism’ and the slogan about the ‘Greek thinking of the fathers’ persuade us that we ought to stop.” Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics I/1:xiv

Course Objectives:

In light of the university’s mission and objectives, the student who successfully completes this course will be able to:

Identify and describe the major figures and ideas in the Calvinism-Arminianism debates, represented in church history and in current scholarship.
Understand each perspective on its own terms.
Locate, discuss, and articulate the opposing interpretations of biblical passages pertinent to these debates.
Summarize the historical and intellectual landscape of these debates throughout the Christian tradition.
Irenically and critically evaluate various theological claims based on Scripture, tradition, and coherence.
Read, understand, and assess scholarly contributions to the Calvinist-Arminian debates.
State the practical implications of the Calvinist-Arminian debates.

Course Textbooks:

Required Texts

Roger E. Olson, Arminian Theology: Myths and Realities (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2006).

Thomas R. Schreiner and Bruce A. Ware, eds., Still Sovereign: Contemporary Perspectives on Election, Foreknowledge, and Grace (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2000).

Bring these two books, plus the Bible, to each class meeting.

Recommended Texts

Jacobus Arminius, The Works of James Arminius, London Edition, trans. James Nichols and William Nichols, 3 vols. (London, 1825, 1828, 1875; repr. with an intro. by Carl Bangs, Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1986). [on reserve]

Carl Bangs, Arminius: A Study in the Dutch Reformation (Nashville: Abingdon, 1971; reprint, Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 1998).

John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion (1559), trans. Henry Beveridge (Edinburgh, 1845; reprint, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994); 2 vols., ed. John T. McNeill and trans. Ford Lewis Battles (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960). [on reserve]

Richard A. Muller, God, Creation and Providence in the Thought of Jacob Arminius: Sources and Directions of Scholastic Protestantism in the Era of Early Orthodoxy (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1991).

Keith D. Stanglin, Arminius on the Assurance of Salvation: The Context, Roots, and Shape of the Leiden Debate, 1603–1609, Brill’s Series in Church History, vol. 27 (Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2007). [on reserve]

Recommended Reading for Background

Stanley J. Grenz, Theology for the Community of God (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000), ch. 16.

Attendance Policy:

Students are expected to attend classes regularly. In the event of illness, family emergency, a school-sponsored activity, or an extenuating circumstance, it is the responsibility of the student to notify the instructor as soon as possible of the reason for the absence. A doctor’s note or Pipeline record is required for excusing personal illness. Print a hard copy for my records. N.B.: Excuses will not be accepted after “dead week.”

According to the policies stated in the student handbook (p. 9), the equivalent of one week of unexcused absences (2) is allowed in this class. Each additional absence above 2 automatically reduces your final grade by three percentage points.

You will be considered tardy if you are not present when the roll is checked or if you leave during class. 3 tardies = 1 unexcused absence.

Students with Disabilities:

It is the policy for Harding University to accommodate students with disabilities, pursuant to federal and state law. Therefore, any student with a documented disability condition (e.g., physical, learning, psychological, vision, hearing, etc.) who needs to arrange reasonable accommodations, must contact the instructor and the Disabilities Office at the beginning of each semester. (If the diagnosis of the disability occurs during the academic year, the student must self-identify with the Disabilities Director as soon as possible in order to get academic accommodations in place for the remainder of the semester.) The Disabilities Office is located in Room 102 of the Lee Academic Center, telephone, (501) 279-4019.

Academic Honesty:

Harding University places a high priority on honesty and a biblical commitment to truth. Incidents of cheating, plagiarism, or any other activities deemed dishonest will result in penalties. These penalties may range from receiving a zero (0%) on the assignment to failing the course or dismissal from the school. (According to Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, to “plagiarize” is to steal and use as one’s own the ideas, words, etc., of another. Collaborating on written assignments that should be done individually would fall under this category of dishonesty.)

Classroom Expectations and Decorum:

I expect all students to behave in a Christian manner in and out of the classroom. Appropriate behavior includes abiding by the conduct and dress codes set by the university. Turn off all cell phones. Do not eat food in the classroom. Only drinks in spill-proof containers are allowed in class. If you make a mess, it is your responsibility to clean it up or pay for it to be cleaned.

Class will be dismissed when I finish.

Course Requirements:1

Introductory reflection paper. 10 pts. In 300-400 words, sum up the Calvinist-Arminian debate. Do not conduct any research; just tell me what you know. What happened? Who were the major players? What are the major debates? How do you understand election/predestination? Due Wednesday, 8/22.
Reading and class participation. 10 pts. You are expected to complete all assigned readings prior to the class meetings. The lectures will assume you have read the assignments, and part of the grade is dependent on your participation in discussing the readings. Evaluation criterion: Demonstrate your preparedness. Sign a statement declaring that you read all assigned readings.
Facebook discussion board: 50 pts. The seminar will pursue an ongoing dialogue through the discussion board on the Facebook group, “Calvinism and Arminianism.” You are required to post one submission per week between 100-150 words. That is, it must be a fairly substantial comment.

The post may further the discussion of a particular topic handled in class or address a question raised in the week’s readings. Or you may want to comment on the practical impact of the week’s topic, that is, answering the question, “So what?” What is the practical effect/value of that theological point?

Although you are only required to submit one post per week, you may want to engage fellow members in discussion and submit multiple posts as issues arise. The purpose of the exercise is a forum for continued classroom discussion throughout the week. Your post for the week is due before 8:00 a.m. Monday mornings.

Seminar paper: 50 pts. On one designated week of your choosing, write a paper (800-1,000 words, single-spaced, approx. two pages) that analyzes and discusses at least two of the readings for that week. The paper should address and answer at least the following issues about the assigned documents: what the author is trying to accomplish (thesis), how he develops his argument (structure), what are the strengths and/or weaknesses of his arguments (assessment), and any practical implications of the arguments (use). You may refer to the questions in the reading guides, but do not slavishly rely on them; rather, focus on key interpretive issues. The paper should conclude with at least two questions or issues for further class discussion. On its due date, you will provide copies of your paper to each member of the seminar and present your thoughts to the class. Be ready to take questions from the seminar members. Late papers/presentations are unacceptable.
Research paper: 150 pts. Write an original research paper on the topic of your choice.

You may examine a particular thinker or doctrine or passage of Scripture (or combination) that relates to historic or present-day Calvinist-Arminian debates. In addition to detailed analysis, the paper should include theological assessment and practical implications.

Figures: Augustine, Pelagius, Calvin, Arminius, Wesley, Campbell, Barth, Sanders

Doctrines: predestination, human freedom, divine grace, omniscience, open theism

Additional guidelines:

a. 8-10 pages (Times New Roman, double-spaced, not including bibliography).

b. Not optional. A course grade of “F” will be assigned to anyone not turning in a paper.

c. Use Turabian style footnotes and proper, academic English style.

d. Read the handouts in my syllabus on writing papers. Assessment criteria will include such things as: clearly stated purpose, logical organization, faultless style, evidence of research, and interaction with sources.

e. No less than 11 sources are to be used. These sources should include relevant surveys, special monographs, and at least three peer-reviewed journal articles. If the topic is historically oriented, at least two sources should be primary documents. Do not cite sources in the bibliography unless they are used in the paper.

f. Your paper topic must be turned in to me by Aug. 29. A drawing on Sept. 3 will predestine your paper’s due date.

g. Papers are due at the beginning of class. A penalty of 10% each class period will be assessed to late papers. A paper will not be accepted more than two weeks after its due date.

In addition to the hard copy, you must also submit the paper electronically before the deadline. Go to www.turnitin.com. The class ID is 1950206, and the password is calvarm. Click “submit” and follow the instructions. Papers not submitted through this website will not be accepted.

Annotated bibliography and research paper discussion: 10 pts. A bibliography of at least six sources for your paper is due exactly two weeks before your paper. In addition, take about five minutes to tell the class about your paper. Tell about the topic, why you chose it, a tentative thesis, and how you will defend it. In other words, if someone asks you what your research paper is about, this is what you would say in five minutes. Be ready to answer questions and take suggestions.
Three exams: 150 pts. (50 each). Study: Lecture notes, readings, reading questions.
Extra credit: Read either Muller, God, Creation, and Providence in the Thought of Jacob Arminius, or Stanglin, Arminius on the Assurance of Salvation. Give a detailed summary and then brief evaluation of the book. Double-spaced, 3 pages. Up to 10 pts. on final exam.

Grading Scale:

Total points: 430.

90-100% = A 80-89 = B 70-79 = C 60-69 = D 0-59 = F

Although it is your responsibility to keep up with your grades and absences, I will periodically post them on my website. Check your grades with your last name and password (H number).

Course Schedule:

Beginning with Week 2, normally Mondays will be devoted to introducing the topic for that week, and Wednesdays will be devoted to discussing the readings and seminar papers (but note the exceptions below).

Wk. 1, 8/20. Historical Perspectives I: Early and Medieval Church

M Syllabus, Introduction

W Lecture Introductory reflection paper due

Wk. 2, 8/27. Historical Perspectives II: Reformation, Calvinism, and Anti-Calvinism

M Lecture

W Paper 1. Research Paper topic due

David C. Steinmetz, “The Theology of John Calvin,” in The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology, 113-29. [on reserve]

[Karin Y. Maag, “Hero or Villain? Interpretations of John Calvin and His Legacy,” Calvin Theological Journal 41/2 (2006): 222-37. Accessible through quest.]

[Muller, “How Many Points?” Calvin Theological Journal 28/2 (1993): 425-33. Accessible through quest.]

SS, pp. 13-19.

Ronald J. Feenstra, “Reprobation,” Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 8: 272-76. [on reserve]

G. J. Hoenderdaal, “The Life and Thought of Jacobus Arminius,” Religion in Life 29/4 (1960): 540-47. [on reserve]

[Richard A. Muller, “Arminius and the Scholastic Tradition,” Calvin Theological Journal 24/2 (1989): 263-77. Accessible through quest.]

Olson, Preface, Intro., ch. 3.

Wk. 3, 9/3. Predestination I: Calvin and Arminius

M Lecture

W Papers 2 and 3.

Calvin, Institutes III.xxi-xxiii. http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/institutes.html

Peter Baro, “Summary of Three Opinions concerning Predestination,” in Works of James Arminius (London edition), 1: 89-100. [on reserve]

Arminius, Declaration of Sentiments, “On Predestination,” in Works 1: 210-51. http://www.ccel.org/ccel/arminius/works1.html

Wk. 4, 9/10. Predestination II: Calvinism and Arminianism

M Lecture

W Paper 4.

Louis Berkhof, Systematic Theology, 100-25. [on reserve]

[Richard J. Mouw, “Another Look at the Infra/Supralapsarian Debate,” Calvin Theological Journal 35/1 (2000): 136-51. Accessible through quest.]

Keith D. Stanglin, “Arminius ‘avant la lettre’: Peter Baro, Jacob Arminius, and the Bond of Predestinarian Polemic,” Westminster Theological Journal 67 (2005): 51-74.

Olson, 8

Wk. 5, 9/17. Predestination III: Paul, Calvin, and Arminius

M Papers 5 and 6.

W Exam 1

Romans 8:28–9:33; Ephesians 1.

Calvin, “Commentary on Romans 8:28–9:33.” http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom38.html

Calvin, “Commentary on Ephesians 1.” http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom41.html

Arminius, Analysis of the Ninth Chapter of Romans, in Works 3: 527-65. http://wesley.nnu.edu/arminianism/arminius/ze.htm

Wk. 6, 9/24. Predestination IV: NT, Calvinism, and Arminianism

M Lecture

W Paper 7.

SS 2, 4, 7.

Thomas McCall and Keith D. Stanglin, “S. M. Baugh and the Meaning of Foreknowledge: Another Look,” Trinity Journal 26 ns/1 (2005): 19-31. [on reserve]

Wk. 7, 10/1. NO CLASS – Reading Break.

Wk. 8, 10/8. Grace and Human Need

M Lecture

W Paper 8.

SS 8. Olson, 6, 9, [10].

Wk. 9, 10/15. Grace and Human Response

M Lecture

W Paper 9.

SS 9. Olson, 7.

Muller, “Grace, Election, and Contingent Choice: Arminius’s Gambit and the Reformed Response,” in The Grace of God, the Bondage of the Will, vol. 2: Historical and Theological Perspectives on Calvinism, ed. Thomas P. Schreiner and Bruce A. Ware (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1995), 251-78. [on reserve]

Wk. 10, 10/22. Assurance of Salvation

M Paper 10.

W Exam 2

SS 6, 10.

Stanglin, “The Undermining of Assurance,” in Arminius on the Assurance of Salvation, 145-93. [on reserve]

Wk. 11, 10/29. Divine Will and Love

M Lecture

W Paper 11.

SS 5, 11. Olson, 4.

Wk. 12, 11/5. God and Creation

M Lecture

W Paper 12.

Olson, 5.

Muller, “God, Predestination, and the Integrity of the Created Order: A Note on Patterns in Arminius’ Theology,” in Later Calvinism: International Perspectives, Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies, vol. 22, ed. W. Fred Graham (Kirksville, MO: Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, 1994), 431-46. [on reserve]

Wk. 13, 11/12. Open Theism I

M Lecture

W Paper 13.

Read John Sanders’s Introduction to Open Theism on the home page of http://www.opentheism.info/

Clark H. Pinnock, “From Augustine to Arminius: A Pilgrimage in Theology,” in The Grace of God, the Will of Man: A Case for Arminianism (Grand Rapids: Academie Books, 1989). http://www.twtministries.com/articles/1_cal_arm/pilgrim.html

Pinnock, “Systematic Theology,” in The Openness of God: A Biblical Challenge to the Traditional Understanding of God (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 101-25. [on reserve]

William Hasker, “The Openness of God,” Christian Scholar’s Review 28/1 (1998): 111-23. [on reserve]

Alfred J. Freddoso, “The ‘Openness’ of God: A Reply to Hasker,” Christian Scholar’s Review 28/1 (1998): 124-33. http://www.nd.edu/~afreddos/papers/openness.htm

Robert E. Picirilli, “Foreknowledge, Freedom, and the Future,” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 43/2 (2000): 259-71. Accessible through quest.

Thanksgiving Break

Wk. 14, 11/26. Open Theism II

M Paper 14.

W Guest lecture: Dr. John Sanders.

Picirilli, “An Arminian Response to John Sanders’s The God Who Risks: A Theology of Providence,” JETS 44/3 (2001): 467-91. Accessible through quest.

Steven M. Studebaker, “The Mode of Divine Knowledge in Reformation Arminianism and Open Theism,” JETS 47/3 (2004): 469-80. Accessible through quest.

Ronald Highfield, “Does the World Limit God? Assessing the Case for Open Theism,” Stone-Campbell Journal 5 (2002): 69-92. [on reserve]

Duane Warden, “Open Theism and Churches of Christ,” in Evangelicalism and the Stone-Campbell Movement, Volume 2: Engaging Basic Christian Doctrine, ed. William R. Baker (Abilene: ACU Press, 2006), 27-40. [on reserve]

Wk. 15, 12/3. Calvinism vs. Arminianism: The Way Forward

M Lecture

W Paper 15.

Olson, 1, 2, Conclusion.

John Mark Hicks, “Mediating the War between Arminians and Calvinists on Election and Security: A Stone-Campbell Perspective,” Stone-Campbell Journal 6/2 (2003): 163-84. http://www.stone-campbelljournal.com/archive/62/HicksFinal.pdf

Final Exam: Wednesday, December 12, 1:30-3:30

CALVINISM AND ARMINIANISM: A SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Compiled by Dr. K. Stanglin

Arminius, Jacobus. The Works of James Arminius. London Edition. Trans. James Nichols and William Nichols. 3 vols. London, 1825, 1828, 1875; repr. with an intro. by Carl Bangs, Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1986.

Augustine. Anti-Pelagian Writings. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 1^st series, vol. 5. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.

. On Free Choice of the Will. Trans. Thomas Williams. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1993.

Bangs, Carl. Arminius: A Study in the Dutch Reformation. Nashville: Abingdon, 1971; reprint, Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 1998.

Bangs, Nathan. The Life of James Arminius, D.D., Compiled from His Life and Writings, as Published by Mr. James Nichols. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1843.

Beeke, Joel R. Assurance of Faith: Calvin, English Puritanism, and the Dutch Second Reformation. New York: P. Lang, 1991.

Berkhof, Louis. Systematic Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1953.

Bernard of Clairvaux. On Grace and Free Choice (De gratia et libero arbitrio). Trans. Daniel O’Donovan. Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications, 1988.

Boyd, Gregory A. God of the Possible: A Biblical Introduction to the Open View of God. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2000.

Brandt, Caspar. The Life of James Arminius, D.D. Trans. John Guthrie, with an intro. by T. O. Summers. Nashville: Stevenson and Owen, 1857.

Calvin, John. Concerning the Eternal Predestination of God (De aeterna Dei praedestinatione). Trans. J. K. S. Reid. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1997.

. Institutes of the Christian Religion (1559). Trans. Henry Beveridge. Edinburgh, 1845; reprint, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994.

. Institutes of the Christian Religion (1559). 2 vols. Ed. John T. McNeill and trans. Ford Lewis Battles. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960.

De Greef, Wulfert. The Writings of John Calvin: An Introductory Guide. Trans. Lyle D. Bierma. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1993.

De Jong, Peter Y., ed. Crisis in the Reformed Churches: Essays in Commemoration of the Great Synod of Dort, 1618–1619. Grand Rapids: Reformed Fellowship, 1968.

Graham, W. Fred, ed. Later Calvinism: International Perspectives. Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies, vol. 22. Kirksville, MO: Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, 1994.

Helm, Paul. Calvin and the Calvinists. Carlisle, PA: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1982.

Heppe, Heinrich. Reformed Dogmatics Set Out and Illustrated from the Sources. Ed. Ernst Bizer. Trans. G. T. Thomson. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1950.

Kendall, R. T. Calvin and English Calvinism to 1649. 2^nd edition. Paternoster Biblical and Theological Monographs. Carlisle, Cumbria: Paternoster Press, 1997.

Kuyper, Abraham. Lectures on Calvinism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1931.

Luther, Martin. Luther’s Works. American edition. 56 vols. Edited by Jaroslav Pelikan and Helmut Lehmann. St. Louis: Concordia; Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1955–86.

McCulloh, Gerald O., ed. Man’s Faith and Freedom; the Theological Influence of Jacobus Arminius. New York and Nashville: Abingdon, 1962.

McKim, Donald K. Introducing the Reformed Faith: Biblical Revelation, Christian Tradition, Contemporary Significance. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.

Molina, Luis de. On Divine Foreknowledge (Part IV of the Concordia) (1588). Trans. Alfred J. Freddoso. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988.

Muller, Richard A. After Calvin: Studies in the Development of a Theological Tradition. Oxford Studies in Historical Theology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

. Christ and the Decree: Christology and Predestination in Reformed Theology from Calvin to Perkins. Durham: Labyrinth Press, 1986.

. Dictionary of Latin and Greek Theological Terms: Drawn Principally from Protestant Scholastic Theology. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1985.

. God, Creation and Providence in the Thought of Jacob Arminius: Sources and Directions of Scholastic Protestantism in the Era of Early Orthodoxy. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1991.

. Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics. 4 volumes. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 2003.

. The Unaccommodated Calvin: Studies in the Foundation of a Theological Tradition. Oxford Studies in Historical Theology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Oberman, Heiko A. The Harvest of Medieval Theology: Gabriel Biel and Late Medieval Nominalism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963; reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2000.

Olson, C. Gordon. Beyond Calvinism and Arminianism: An Inductive Mediate Theology of Salvation. Cedar Knolls, NJ: Global Gospel Publishers, 2002.

Olson, Roger E. Arminian Theology: Myths and Realities. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2006.

. The Story of Christian Theology: Twenty Centuries of Tradition and Reform. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1999.

Peterson, Robert A., and Michael D. Williams. Why I Am Not an Arminian. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2004.

Pinnock, Clark H. Most Moved Mover: A Theology of God’s Openness. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001.

, ed. The Grace of God, the Will of Man: A Case for Arminianism. Grand Rapids: Academie Books, 1989.

. Grace Unlimited. Minneapolis: Bethany Fellowship, 1975.

, et al. The Openness of God: A Biblical Challenge to the Traditional Understanding of God. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1994.

Pinson, J. Matthew, ed. Four Views on Eternal Security. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002.

Sanders, John. The God Who Risks: A Theology of Providence. Rev. ed. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2007.

Schaff, Philip. The Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical Notes. 3 vols. 6^th edition. New York, Harper and Brothers, 1931. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.

Schreiner, Thomas R. and Bruce A. Ware, eds. The Grace of God, the Bondage of the Will. 2 vols. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1995.

. Still Sovereign: Contemporary Perspectives on Election, Foreknowledge, and Grace. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2000.

Sell, Alan P. F. The Great Debate: Calvinism, Arminianism and Salvation. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1983.

Spencer, Duane Edward. TULIP: The Five Points of Calvinism in the Light of Scripture. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1979.

Stanglin, Keith D. Arminius on the Assurance of Salvation: The Context, Roots, and Shape of the Leiden Debate, 1603–1609. Brill’s Series in Church History, vol. 27. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2007.

Steinmetz, David C. Calvin in Context. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Thomas Aquinas. Summa theologiae. 61 vols. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1964-81.

Trueman, Carl R. and R. Scott Clark, eds. Protestant Scholasticism: Essays in Reassessment. Carlisle, Cumbria, UK: Paternoster Press, 1999.

Turretin, Francis. Institutes of Elenctic Theology, Volume One: First through Tenth Topics. Trans. George Musgrace Giger. Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing, 1992.

Wallace, Dewey D., Jr. Puritans and Predestination: Grace in English Protestant Theology, 1525–1695. 1982; repr., Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2004.

Walls, Jerry L., and Joseph R. Dongell. Why I Am Not a Calvinist. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2004.

Zachman, Randall C. The Assurance of Faith: Conscience in the Theology of Martin Luther and John Calvin. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993.

Peer-reviewed journals that have treated these and related issues

Calvin Theological Journal

Christian Scholar’s Review

Faith and Philosophy

Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society

Stone-Campbell Journal

Trinity Journal

Westminster Theological Journal

Online Bibliographies