Church History 2 Study
questions: Erasmus, Luther, Zwingli
Class notes:
Who published the first
edition of the Greek New Testament, and in what year?
Erasmus believed the church
could be reformed by what means?
How was reform to be
propagated according to Erasmus?
In what ways did Erasmus
influence the later reformers?
Be able to identify and
distinguish between theological positions of Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin.
Whom did we include as
magisterial reformers?
What is meant by the term
magisterial reformers?
Be able to identify the
various reformers based on biographical information we mentioned in class (not
things like specific dates, rather things like where they worked, how they died
[if we mentioned it], differences in their personalities, key “turning point”
type events, important quotations, etc.).
Who was the indulgence seller
that caused Luther to post his 95 theses?
Where did he post them?
When did he post them (this
date is important)?
Who was Luther’s opponent who
led him in debate to declare that some of Hus’s views were Christian and that
the pope and councils could err?
What significant work did
Luther accomplish while he was in hiding at the Wartburg Castle?
Be able to identify
significant writings of the reformers with their authors?
In what way was Luther’s
hermeneutic of reform regarding church organization and worship different from
most of the other reformers?
What was the decision reached
at the Diet of Speier in 1526?
What was the decision reached
at the Diet of Speier in 1529?
What caused the followers of
Luther to come to be known as Protestants?
What is the official
statement of the Lutheran position?
What was the decision of the
Peace of Augsburg?
What do the following terms
mean: Sola fides, sola gratia, sola scriptura?
What three sacraments did
Luther accept?
Who had influenced Zwingli’s
“humanistic” approach to reform?
What did worship in Zurich
consist of following Zwingli’s reforms?
How often was the Lord’s
Supper celebrated in Zurich as a result of Zwingli’s reforms?
On what point were Zwingli
and Luther unable to agree?
What was Zwingli’s
relationship to the “Swiss Brethren” or “Anabaptists”?
On what major point did
Zwingli and the “Swiss Brethren” disagree?
Chadwick
Know about Erasmus’
connection with the Brethren of the Common Life.
According to Chadwick, who
more than anyone else lowered the European reputation of popes, clergy, monks,
friars, and theologians?
Who were the
theologians/philosophers who were skeptical about the power of human reason to
reach true conclusions in the realm of metaphysics?
What approach was critical of
philosophical inquiry, but rather utilized critical and historical inquiry?
About which two New Testament
books did Erasmus question the traditional authorship?
How did Erasmus feel about
ceremonies and their relationship to being a Christian?
Why did Archbishop Albert of
Mainz need to declare the sale of indulgences in the early 16th
century?
What else was this sale of
indulgences financing?
What was Luther’s experience
in the “tower”?
Who consistently protected
Luther?
Fill in the blank: Luther
wrote, “We are all_________without knowing it.
In rejecting the notion that
the church consists of the clergy, what did Luther believe the church to be
according to the New Testament?
What was Luther’s “identity”
at the Wartburg?
What revolutionary steps did
Melanchthon and Carlstadt take in late 1521?
What unfortunate tract did
Luther write during the Peasants’ War?
Did Luther intend to form a
new church?
Who was the primary author of
the Augsburg Confession?
Whose duty did Luther believe
it was to reform the church?
What moral issue greatly
scandalized Europe and embarrassed Luther and Melanchthon?
In what year did the process
of reformation begin in Zurich, and by what year was it complete?
How dependent on Luther did
Zwingli claim to be?
What was the theological
difference between Luther and Zwingli regarding what was permissible in
worship?
How did Zwingli view the
sacraments?
What happened at the Colloquy
of Marburg?
Who succeeded Zwingli at
Zurich?
North
Who was the recognized leader
of the liberal reform movement in Europe in the late 15th and early
16th century?
How was Erasmus’ position
toward the Catholic Church different from Luther’s?
What was the tragedy of
Erasmus’ life?
What caused Luther to decide
to become a monk?
What document challenged the
entire system of Roman Catholicism?
In what document did Luther
use the principle of the priesthood of all believers to argue that the nobility
had the obligation to reform the church if the church leaders failed to do so?
What did Luther attack in The Babylonian Captivity of the Church?
What 3 treatises are
considered the heart and kernel of Luther’s Theology?
What does North
identify as 2 major events that occurred in the mid-1520’s which had great
influence on the Lutheran developments in Germany?
Who does North identify as
the most important of the 16th century reformers?
What was the difference
between the “routes” Zwingli and Luther took to reformation?
What was the political
difference regarding authority between the reforms in Germany and Switzerland?
Whom did Zwingli allow to
make the final decisions regarding reform?