Exodus:
Hebrew name: Ve-eleh shemoth—these are the
names
English
name “Exodus” is from Greek meaning way out.
2nd
book of the Pentateuch
Authorship traditionally ascribed to Moses, and it seems
reasonable that he is responsible for the majority of the book (Ex. 17:14; Ex.
24:4; Ex. 34:27,28; cf. Ex. 16:33-36; Ex. 11:3).
Covers:
I. Moses and the deliverance
of
II. The giving of the Law
(Ex. 19-40)
Covenant
and Ten Commandments (Ex. 19-24)
Tabernacle
(Ex. 25-40)
Typology in Exodus:
Passover (Ex. 12-13; 1 Cor. 5:7-8; 1
Pet. 1:19)
Crossing the
Bread from Heaven (Ex. 16; Jn 6)
Water from the Rock (Ex. 17; 1 Cor.
10:1-4)
Blood of the covenant (24:8; Heb.
9:19-20; Mt. 26:28)
Tabernacle (Heb. 8-9)
The book of Exodus is at the
heart of the Old Testament for in it God is revealed as the Covenant God who
fulfills the promises given to the Patriarchs. It serves as the central event
to which the rest of the Old Testament constantly refers. Finally, for
Christians it symbolically represents the ultimate deliverance from slavery to
sin that God offers in Jesus Christ.
Important Theme:
God Delivers and demands obedience.
Date of the exodus? Scholars
disagree. The Merneptah stele fixes date before which
the Exodus must have occurred (1220 B.C.). Two main theories: Early date
1446/5. Late date 1290-1270.
The Ten Words (Commandments), Decalogue
1.
No other Gods 6.
Do not murder
2.
No images 7.
Do not commit adultery
3.
Do not take the Lord’s name in vain 8.
Do not steal
4.
Keep the Sabbath day 9.
Do not bear false witness
5.
Honor Father and Mother 10.
Do not covet
Alternate
division
1.
No other Gods and No images 6.
Do not commit adultery
2.
Do not take the Lord’s name in vain 7.
Do not steal
3.
Keep the Sabbath day 8.
Do not bear false witness
4.
Honor Father and Mother 9.
Do not covet neighbor’s house
5.
Do not murder 10.
Do not covet neighbor’s wife and property